Firmware
Overview of Firmware:
Coined in 1967 by Ascher Opler, firmware acts as an intermediary between hardware and software. Originally used for microcode for machine instructions, it now encompasses any computer program linked to hardware. Commonly found in BIOS, boot firmware, and control systems.
Applications of Firmware:
Firmware is essential for computer operation, with less frequent updates in mass storage devices. Most computer peripherals have internally-stored firmware, such as BIOS, UEFI, hard drive firmware, and video BIOS. Specific firmware like Open Firmware for SPARC-based computers and ARCS for SGI computers.
Firmware in Various Devices:
Vital in computers, firmware is as important as the operating system. Updates are less common in mass storage devices, but prevalent in computer peripherals. Examples include BIOS, UEFI, hard drive firmware, and Open Firmware. Some devices allow for field upgrading of firmware.